Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Associated professor of Educational Administrative, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2
MSc student of Educational Administrative, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran.
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of entrepreneurial skills in the psychological empowerment and creative thinking of elementary school students in District 2 of Zahedan, with the mediating role of self-efficacy perception. The research method was descriptive–survey based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 38,460 students enrolled in public elementary schools in the educational district of Zahedan. According to Morgan’s table, a sample size of 380 participants was estimated using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires including Bahramzadeh et al.’s (2009) Entrepreneurial Skills Scale, Spreitzer and Mishra’s (1995) Psychological Empowerment Scale, Delavar et al.’s (2011) Creative Thinking Scale, and Tahmassian’s (2007) Self-Efficacy Perception Scale. Content validity was confirmed by expert review, and construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, yielding coefficients of 0.822, 0.772, 0.857, and 0.837, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 and SmartPLS 3. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial skills have a positive and significant direct effect on students’ psychological empowerment and creative thinking, and an indirect effect through the mediating role of self-efficacy perception.Content validity was confirmed by expert review, and construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, yielding coefficients of 0.822, 0.772, 0.857, and 0.837, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 and SmartPLS 3. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial skills have a positive and significant direct effect on students’ psychological empowerment and creative thinking, and an indirect effect through the mediating role of self-efficacy perception.
Keywords
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